Compression, Permeation and Flow Behavior of Wet Nanoparticle Cakes, in situ Tested with a Press-Shear Cell

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tomas ◽  
B. Reichmann
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Shear Cell

New automated shear cell with diamond anvils for in situ studies of materials using X-ray diffraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Novikov ◽  
L. K. Shvedov ◽  
Yu. N. Krivosheya ◽  
V. I. Levitas
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Shear Cell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Studies ◽  
Diamond Anvils

scholarly journals Injectable and Gellable Chitosan Formulations Filled with Cellulose Nanofibers for Intervertebral Disc Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Doench ◽  
Maria Torres-Ramos ◽  
Alexandra Montembault ◽  
Paula Nunes de Oliveira ◽  
Celia Halimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Invasive Approach

The development of non-cellularized injectable suspensions of viscous chitosan (CHI) solutions (1.7–3.3% (w/w)), filled with cellulose nanofibers (CNF) (0.02–0.6% (w/w)) of the type nanofibrillated cellulose, was proposed for viscosupplementation of the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus tissue. The achievement of CNF/CHI formulations which can gel in situ at the disc injection site constitutes a minimally-invasive approach to restore damaged/degenerated discs. We studied physico-chemical aspects of the sol and gel states of the CNF/CHI formulations, including the rheological behavior in relation to injectability (sol state) and fiber mechanical reinforcement (gel state). CNF-CHI interactions could be evidenced by a double flow behavior due to the relaxation of the CHI polymer chains and those interacting with the CNFs. At high shear rates resembling the injection conditions with needles commonly used in surgical treatments, both the reference CHI viscous solutions and those filled with CNFs exhibited similar rheological behavior. The neutralization of the flowing and weakly acidic CNF/CHI suspensions yielded composite hydrogels in which the nanofibers reinforced the CHI matrix. We performed evaluations in relation to the biomedical application, such as the effect of the intradiscal injection of the CNF/CHI formulation in pig and rabbit spine models on disc biomechanics. We showed that the injectable formulations became hydrogels in situ after intradiscal gelation, due to CHI neutralization occurring in contact with the body fluids. No leakage of the injectate through the injection canal was observed and the gelled formulation restored the disc height and loss of mechanical properties, which is commonly related to disc degeneration.

A laboratory fracture shear cell used for simulation of fracture reactivation

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sadegh Asadi ◽  
Vamegh Rasouli
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Fault Reactivation ◽  
Shear Behaviour ◽  
Rock Fractures ◽  
Normal Stresses ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Shear Cell ◽  
In Situ Stresses ◽  
Wide Range

Fault reactivation is an unfavourable incident during drilling and production that may occur due to changes in situ stresses and reservoir pressure. Only a few studies, in their analyses, have included the effects of fault geometrical properties—these are important parameters controlling fault slippage and damage around it. In this paper, the significant influence of fracture morphology on the mechanical behaviour of rock fractures was investigated through experimental studies of shearing rock fractures in the lab. The experiments carried out using a fracture shear cell (FSC): the cell that was modified by adding a number of components to an existing true triaxial stress cell (TTSC) and designing a duplex high pressure cylinder that is capable of applying large normal stresses to the sample at a constant rate. A number of artificial blocks made of mortar material were subjected to shear tests using FSC under a wide range of normal stresses and at different shearing directions. The outputs of uniaxial compressive strength and fracture shear tests in the lab were used to plot the failure envelope of the fractured rock mass and discuss the failure mechanism through shearing. Accordingly, a calibrated, numerical discrete element method (DEM) was used to simulate the shear behaviour of fractures previously tested in the lab. The results of lab tests and DEM simulations will be presented and different failure mechanisms that are expected during shearing will be explained. The results show the significant influence of surface roughness on shear strength and extent of damage zone along the fracture. It was found that the shearing response of fractures depends on the magnitude of normal stress, which indicates the importance of having a good knowledge of in-situ stresses when modelling fault reactivation and damage near the fault zones. The results of lab experiments and numerical simulations were compared and good agreements were observed.

Explicit Finite Element Simulation of Granular Flow in an Annular Shear Cell

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kabir ◽  
C. F. Higgs ◽  
M. R. Lovell ◽  
V. Jasti ◽  
M. C. Marinack
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Granular Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Shear Cell ◽  
Explicit Finite Element Method ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Annular Shear Cell ◽  
Element Method

Explicit finite element method modeling of granular flow behavior in an annular shear cell has been studied and presented in this paper. The explicit finite element method (FEM) simulations of granular flow in an annular shear cell with around 1633 particles were performed, where the inner wheel rotated at a very high speed and the outer disk remained stationary. The material properties of the particles and the outer wheel were defined as elastic steel whereas the inner wheel was elastic aluminum. In this investigation, the explicit FEM model mimicked granular flow in an experimental set up where the inner wheel was rotated at a speed of 240 rpm. The FEM results for shearing motion and solid fraction were compared with experimental results from a granular shear cell.

Microchannels: In Situ Realization of Asymmetric Ratchet Structures within Microchannels by Directionally Guided Light Transmission and Their Directional Flow Behavior (Adv. Mater. 17/2014)

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 2764-2764
Author(s):  
Won-Gyu Bae ◽  
Sang Moon Kim ◽  
Se-Jin Choi ◽  
Sang Geun Oh ◽  
Hyunsik Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Directional Flow

scholarly journals In situ hydromechanical responses during well drilling recorded by fiber-optic distributed strain sensing

Solid Earth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2487-2497
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xinglin Lei ◽  
Tsutomu Hashimoto ◽  
Ziqiu Xue
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Distributed Strain

Abstract. Drilling fluid infiltration during well drilling may induce pore pressure and strain perturbations in neighbored reservoir formations. In this study, we report that such small strain changes (∼20 µε) have been in situ monitored using fiber-optic distributed strain sensing (DSS) in two observation wells with different distances (approximately 3 and 9 m) from the new drilled wellbore in a shallow water aquifer. The results show the layered pattern of the drilling-induced hydromechanical deformation. The pattern could be indicative of (1) fluid pressure diffusion through each zone with distinct permeabilities or (2) the heterogeneous formation damage caused by the mud filter cakes during the drilling. A coupled hydromechanical model is used to interpret the two possibilities. The DSS method could be deployed in similar applications such as geophysical well testing with fluid injection (or extraction) and in studying reservoir fluid flow behavior with hydromechanical responses. The DSS method would be useful for understanding reservoir pressure communication, determining the zones for fluid productions or injection (e.g., for CO2 storage), and optimizing reservoir management and utilization.

In-situ observation of crystallization inside coal slags and influence of crystals on flow behavior

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Xuan ◽  
Haonan Wang ◽  
Dehong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
In Situ Observation

scholarly journals In-Situ Epoxidation of Waste Cooking Oil and Its Methyl Esters for Lubricant Applications: Characterization and Rheology

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Atanu Kumar Paul ◽  
Venu Babu Borugadda ◽  
Vaibhav V. Goud
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
In Situ Epoxidation

In the present investigation, in-situ epoxidation of waste cooking oil and its methyl esters was prepared, and the rheological behavior was analyzed for biolubricant applications. Rheological properties of the prepared epoxides were measured at a temperature of 25–100 °C, at a shear rate ranging from 5 to 300 s−1. As viscosity is one of the critical parameters for potential biolubricant applications, in the present study, the power-law model was used to investigate the flow behavior of the epoxides. The viscosity of epoxidized waste cooking oil and its methyl ester epoxides showed Newtonian flow behavior in the studied temperature range. Different shear rates (5–100, 5–300, 100–300 s−1) were studied to determine the shear rate dependency of the epoxidized waste cooking oil and its methyl ester epoxides at different temperatures. From the average viscosity values, it was shown that the epoxides show identical results at all shear rates. The dynamic viscosities of the epoxidized waste cooking oil and its methyl ester epoxides were found to be dependent on fatty acid chain length, unsaturation, and temperature. Detailed physicochemical characterization for epoxide waste cooking oil (EWCO) and epoxide waste cooking oil methyl esters (EWCOME) were carried out to evaluate the properties for suitable biolubricant applications using standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) methods. Based on the viscosity for EWCO (278.9 mm2/s) and EWCOME (12.15 mm2/s) and viscosity index for EWCO (164.94) and EWCOME (151.97) of the prepared epoxides, they could complement the standard ISO vegetable grade (VG) lubricants in the market.

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